Afurika yasabwe kwihutisha ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’imishinga igamije kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere, kugira ngo amasoko yayo ya karuboni akurure ishoramari rirambye kandi umusaruro wayo ugere ku bihugu n’abaturage bayo.
Ibi byagarutsweho mu nama mpuzamahanga ya Carbon Markets Africa Summit (CMAS) 2026, yatangiye i Kigali, ihuriza hamwe abashinzwe politiki, abashoramari, abategura imishinga, ibigo by’imari n’imiryango mpuzamahanga ikora mu bijyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Iyi nama yitabiriwe n’abahagarariye ibihugu 45, birimo 21 byo muri Afurika, aho ibiganiro byibanze ku buryo bwo kuva ku myiteguro y’amasoko ya karuboni hakagera ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’imishinga, gushaka ishoramari no kugirana amasezerano y’ubucuruzi bwa karuboni.
Minisitiri w’Ibidukikije w’u Rwanda, Dr Bernadette Arakwiye, wafunguye ku mugaragaro iyi nama, yavuze ko amasoko ya karuboni muri Afurika akwiye gushingira ku byo uyu mugabane ukeneye kandi akagira uruhare mu guteza imbere ubukungu n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage.
Yagaragaje ko ikibazo kitakiri ukumenya niba Afurika yiteguye kwitabira ayo masoko, ahubwo ari ukureba niba ishobora gushyira mu bikorwa imishinga myinshi, mu buryo burangwa n’ubunyangamugayo, udushya n’umusaruro ugaragara.
Yavuze ko hari intambwe imaze guterwa, kuko ibihugu bya Afurika bikomeje gushyiraho amategeko n’amabwiriza agenga amasoko ya karuboni, gutanga uburenganzira ku mishinga, kugirana amasezerano n’ibindi bihugu no gutegura ibikorwa bizajya bitanga ibyemezo bya karuboni.
Gusa yagaragaje ko amafaranga ava muri ayo masoko agikomeje kwibanda ku mishinga mike, asaba ko hashyirwa imbaraga no mu mishinga y’ingufu zisubira, ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi, gucunga imyanda mu buryo burambye, kugabanya imyuka ihumanya mu nganda, ubuhinzi n’imishinga yo kubungabunga ibidukikije ku buso bunini.
Minisitiri Arakwiye yagaragaje ibintu bitatu by’ingenzi bikenewe kugira ngo amasoko ya karuboni muri Afurika akure: uburyo bwo kubara no kwemeza igabanuka ry’imyuka bujyanye n’imiterere y’uyu mugabane, amafaranga yo gutegura imishinga no kuyigeza ku rwego rwo gushorwamo imari, ndetse n’abaguzi biteguye kugura karuboni mu gihe kirekire kandi ku giciro gikwiye.
Yagize ati: “Icyizere ni cyo shingiro ry’iri soko.” Yasabye abaguzi n’abashoramari gushyigikira imishinga ya Afurika binyuze mu masezerano y’igihe kirekire, ibiciro bikwiriye n’ishoramari ritihutira inyungu za vuba.
Afurika irasabwa kuva ku magambo ikagera ku bikorwa
Minisitiri muri Perezidansi ya Tanzaniya ushinzwe ibibazo by’Ubumwe n’Ibidukikije, Hamad Yusuf Masauni, na we yavuze ko Afurika ikwiye gukoresha amahirwe ifite kugira ngo igire uruhare rukomeye mu masoko mpuzamahanga ya karuboni.
Yagaragaje ko uyu mugabane umaze igihe uvugwaho ubushobozi bwinshi, ariko ko igihe kigeze ngo ubwo bushobozi buhindurwe ibikorwa n’umusaruro ufatika.
Yagize ati: “Kuva kera, Afurika yavuzwe nk’umugabane ufite ubushobozi bwinshi. Muri iyi nama, turatangaza ko igihe cyo kuvuga ubushobozi gusa kirangiye, hakaba hatangiye igihe cyo gushyira mu bikorwa.”
Yashimangiye ko bidahagije kugira urutonde rurerure rw’imishinga iteganyijwe, ahubwo ko hakenewe kuyigeza ku rwego rwo gutanga ibyemezo bya karuboni no kubona abayigura.
Yavuze ko icyizere cy’amasoko ya karuboni kizubakwa buhoro buhoro binyuze muri buri toni y’imyuka yagabanijwe kandi ikagenzurwa, buri masezerano y’ubucuruzi asohojwe na buri muryango ubonye inyungu zifatika.
Maxwell Gomera, uhagarariye Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Iterambere (UNDP) muri Afurika y’Epfo akaba n’Umuyobozi w’Ikigo gishinzwe Imari Irambye muri Afurika, yashimangiye ko hakenewe uburyo bwizewe bwo kugeza amafaranga ava ku baguzi ba karuboni ku baturage bagira uruhare mu mishinga.
Yavuze ko ibyo bisaba kurengera uburenganzira bw’abaturage, gushyiraho uburyo busobanutse bwo kugabana inyungu, kubona amafaranga yo gutangiza imishinga no guteza imbere ubufatanye bushingiye ku bikorwa bifatika.
Afurika ntikwiye guhatanira kugurisha karuboni ku giciro gito
Abitabiriye iyi nama banagaragaje ko Afurika idakwiye gushingira ku kugurisha karuboni ku giciro gito kurusha abandi, ahubwo ko ikwiye guhatanira gutanga ibyemezo bya karuboni bifite ireme, byizewe kandi bitanga umusaruro urambye ku bidukikije.
Perumal Arumugam, ushinzwe amasoko n’ibikorwa bitari iby’amasoko ya karuboni no gukorana n’abafatanyabikorwa mu Muryango w’Abibumbye wita ku Mihindagurikire y’Ibihe (UNFCCC), yavuze ko Afurika ikwiye kuva ku kibazo cy’uko yakwitabira amasoko ya karuboni, ikibaza uburyo ayo masoko yafasha kugera ku ntego zayo z’iterambere.
Yagize ati: “Afurika ntikwiye guhatanira gutanga toni za karuboni ku giciro gito gusa. Ikwiye guhatanira gutanga toni zizewe, zifite ireme, zirambye kandi isi ishobora kugirira icyizere.”
Yavuze ko intsinzi idakwiye gupimirwa gusa ku mubare w’ibyemezo bya karuboni byatanzwe, ahubwo no ku ishoramari ryashowe, igabanuka ry’imyuka ihumanya ryagezweho, inyungu abaturage babonye, ubukungu bwakomejwe n’ubushobozi ibihugu bya Afurika bifite mu kugena icyerekezo cyabyo mu kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Esterine Fotabong, wahagarariye Ikigo cy’Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe gishinzwe Iterambere (AUDA-NEPAD), na we yasabye ibihugu bya Afurika guteza imbere amasoko ya karuboni mu buryo bihitiyemo.
Yagaragaje ko hakenewe uburyo busobanutse kandi buteganyijwe bwo gutanga uburenganzira ku mishinga, uburyo bwizewe bwo kwandikisha no gukurikirana imishinga, ndetse n’ubushobozi bw’abanyafurika mu kugenzura no kwemeza umusaruro wayo.
Yashimangiye kandi ko hakwiye kwagurwa uburyo bwo kubona amafaranga yo gushyigikira imishinga ya karuboni, cyane cyane mu buhinzi.
Uburayi bwagaragaje ko buzakenera karuboni yujuje ibisabwa bikomeye
Uhagarariye Komisiyo y’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, Lukas Visek, ushinzwe kunganira ubuyobozi bukurikirana ibikorwa byo gushyiraho ibiciro bya karuboni n’amasoko yayo, yavuze ko hari icyizere cy’uko ku isoko ry’u Burayi hazakenerwa ibyemezo bya karuboni mpuzamahanga, ariko ko ibisabwa kugira ngo byemerwe bizaba bikomeye.
Yashimangiye ko igabanuka ry’imyuka ihumanya rigomba kuba ryaratewe koko n’umushinga runaka, aho kuba iryari kubaho n’ubundi, kandi ko iryo gabanuka rigomba kuramba.
Yagize ati: “Kuba igabanuka ry’imyuka ryaratewe koko n’umushinga no kuba rirambye ni ibintu bidashobora kugibwaho impaka. Ireme rizagororerwa.”
Ibi bisobanuye ko abategura imishinga ya karuboni bagomba gushyiraho uburyo bukomeye bwo gukusanya no kugenzura amakuru, kwerekana igabanuka nyakuri ry’imyuka ihumanya, gukorana n’abaturage no kugaragaza ko imishinga yabo ihuye n’intego z’igihugu ndetse n’iz’isi zo kurengera ikirere.
Ibigo by’imari byagaragaje inzitizi zikoma mu nkokora ishoramari
Mu bindi biganiro byabaye mu itangizwa ry’iyi nama, abayobozi bo muri Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere (AfDB), Banki Itsura Amajyambere ya Afurika y’Epfo (DBSA) n’Ikigo Kigali International Financial Centre (KIFC) baganiriye ku mbogamizi zituma amafaranga y’abashoramari atagera ku mishinga ya karuboni muri Afurika uko bikwiye.
Mu byagaragajwe harimo gukenera amategeko n’amabwiriza adahindagurika, amafaranga yo gutegura imishinga, imishinga ifite ubushobozi bwo kugaruza ishoramari, imiyoborere iboneye n’uburyo bwo kugabana ingaruka hagati y’ibigo by’imari n’abashoramari bigenga.
Dr Anthony Nyong, Umuyobozi ushinzwe imihindagurikire y’ikirere n’iterambere ry’ubukungu bubungabunga ibidukikije muri AfDB, yavuze ko imishinga ya karuboni ikwiye kurebwa nk’imishinga y’iterambere muri rusange.
Yagize ati: “Ntabwo dufite imishinga ya karuboni gusa. Dufite imishinga y’iterambere.”
Yashimangiye ko ibikorwa byo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya bikwiye kujyana no guteza imbere ubukungu, imibereho myiza y’abaturage n’iterambere rirambye.
Greg Fyfe, ushinzwe ishoramari muri DBSA, yavuze ko ibigo by’imari by’iterambere bifite uruhare rukomeye mu gufasha imishinga kugera ku rwego rwo gushorwamo imari, gutanga amafaranga y’igihe kirekire no gufata zimwe mu ngaruka abashoramari bigenga batashobora kwikorera.
Ibiganiro byatangije CMAS 2026 byagaragaje ko Afurika ikeneye kuva ku kuvuga ubushobozi ifite mu masoko ya karuboni ikagera ku bikorwa bifatika, igahuza imishinga itatanye ikayigira imishinga ishobora gushorwamo imari, kandi ikareba kure y’igurishwa ry’ibyemezo bya karuboni, ikubaka amasoko azana inyungu zirambye mu bukungu, imibereho y’abaturage no kurengera ibidukikije.
Iyi nama ikomeje kubera i Kigali, aho abitabiriye bitezweho kwibanda ku guhuza imishinga ya Afurika yujuje ibisabwa n’abaguzi ndetse n’abashoramari, hagamijwe kongera amasezerano y’ubucuruzi no gutuma uyu mugabane ugira uruhare rukomeye mu kugena icyerekezo cy’amasoko ya karuboni ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
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