Gahunda yo kugaburira abanyeshuri ku mashuri yashyizweho na Leta y’u Rwanda ikomeje kugaragaza umusaruro mu guteza imbere ireme ry’uburezi, gufasha abana kwiga neza no kugabanya umubare w’abata ishuri. Iyi gahunda ifatwa nk’ishoramari rirambye mu burezi, kuko ifasha abanyeshuri kubona ifunguro igihe bari ku ishuri, bityo bakitabira amasomo bafite imbaraga kandi bakarushaho kuyakurikirana neza.
Jean Damascene Nsengiyumva, Umuyobozi Mukuru muri Minisiteri y’Uburezi ushinzwe ubuzima n’imibereho myiza iboneye mu mashuri, akaba akurikirana gahunda yo kugaburira abanyeshuri ku ishuri, avuga ko iyi gahunda ari imwe mu ngamba Leta yashyizeho mu rwego rwo kuzamura ireme ry’uburezi no gushyigikira izindi gahunda zigamije gutuma abana biga neza.
Yasobanuye ko gahunda yo kugaburira abanyeshuri ku ishuri igamije ahanini gukemura ikibazo cy’inzara ishobora gutuma umwana atita ku masomo, akagorwa no gukurikirana ibyo yigishwa ndetse rimwe na rimwe bikaba byanamugira intandaro yo kuva mu ishuri.
Ati: “Ni gahunda Leta yashyizeho nk’ishoramari mu gihe kirekire mu burezi. Yaje gufasha izindi ngamba Leta yashyizeho zo kugira ngo tugire ireme ry’uburezi, abanyeshuri bige neza, bitabire amasomo kandi bayakurikirane kuko kwiga ushonje bigorana.”
Uko gahunda yo kugaburira abanyeshuri ku ishuri yagiye yaguka
Gahunda yo kugaburira abanyeshuri ku ishuri si nshya mu Rwanda, kuko mbere yari isanzwe ikorerwa cyane cyane mu bigo by’amashuri bicumbikira abanyeshuri, aho abana bafatiraga amafunguro yabo yose ku ishuri, nk’uko babaye bari mu rugo.
Icyakora, mu mwaka wa 2014, Leta yashyizeho uburyo bwo kugaburira abanyeshuri biga mu mashuri yisumbuye batari mu bigo bicumbikira abanyeshuri, hagamijwe kubafasha kubona ifunguro bari ku ishuri. Iyi gahunda yaje kugaragaza umusaruro mwiza, kuko byagaragaye ko abanyeshuri babasha gukomeza amasomo yabo neza iyo babonye icyo kurya.
Mu mwaka wa 2019, binyuze muri Minisiteri y’Uburezi, hashyizweho Politiki yo kugaburira abanyeshuri ku ishuri, itangira gushyirwa mu bikorwa mu buryo bwagutse mu mwaka wa 2021.
Icyo gihe gahunda yagejejwe ku banyeshuri bo mu byiciro bitandukanye by’amashuri, birimo ay’inshuke, abanza n’ayisumbuye, ku buryo abana bose batangiye kubona amafunguro igihe bari ku ishuri.
Nsengiyumva agaragaza ko mbere y’uko iyi politiki ishyirwa mu bikorwa, mu mwaka wa 2019 abanyeshuri barenga ibihumbi 870 ari bo bafatiraga amafunguro ku ishuri, ahanini bakaba bari mu mashuri yisumbuye.
Icyo gihe amashuri yatangaga amafunguro yari 3,093 gusa, mu gihe igihugu cyari gifite amashuri arenga ibihumbi bitanu. Ibi byagaragazaga ko hari icyuho gikomeye mu kugeza iyi gahunda ku banyeshuri bose.
Uko Leta n’ababyeyi bafatanya mu gutunga abana ku ishuri
Mu gushyira mu bikorwa iyi gahunda, Leta yashyizeho uburyo bwo gufasha ibigo by’amashuri kubona ibiribwa, ariko inasaba ababyeyi kugira uruhare mu kuyunganira kugira ngo abana babone indyo yuzuye.
Nsengiyumva avuga ko mu mwaka w’ingengo y’imari wa 2021/2022, Leta yashyizemo miliyari 35 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda, aho nibura buri mwana yagenerwaga amafaranga 56 yo kumufasha kubona ifunguro ku ishuri.
Yasobanuye ko Leta isanzwe itanga ibiribwa birimo umuceri, ibishyimbo, akawunga n’amavuta, ariko ko ibyo byonyine bidahagije kugira ngo umwana abone indyo yuzuye.
Ni yo mpamvu amafaranga atangwa n’ababyeyi aza kunganira inkunga ya Leta, akifashishwa mu kugura ibindi biribwa byunganira indyo y’abanyeshuri.
Muri ibyo biribwa harimo imbuto, imboga n’ibikomoka ku matungo birimo amagi, indagara ndetse n’inkoko.
Ibi bifasha ibigo by’amashuri gutegura amafunguro atandukanye kandi afite intungamubiri zikenewe kugira ngo abana bakure neza, bagire ubuzima bwiza kandi babashe kwiga neza.
Kugaburira abana ku ishuri byafashije kugabanya abata ishuri
Imwe mu mpinduka zikomeye zagaragaye muri iyi gahunda ni ukugabanuka kw’umubare w’abanyeshuri bava mu ishuri batarangije amasomo yabo.
Imibare yatanzwe na Jean Damascene Nsengiyumva igaragaza ko mu mwaka wa 2019–2020, igipimo cy’abanyeshuri bata ishuri cyari kuri 9.4%, mu gihe mu mwaka wa 2023–2024 cyari cyaragabanutse kigera kuri 4.7%.
Ibi bigaragaza igabanuka ry’amanota 4.7 ku ijana, bikaba ari ikimenyetso cy’impinduka nziza zigaragara mu burezi, nubwo gahunda yo kugaburira abanyeshuri ku ishuri ari imwe mu ngamba zifasha kugera kuri izo mpinduka.
Uretse gufasha abanyeshuri kwitabira amasomo no kugabanya abata ishuri, iyi gahunda yanahinduye imibereho y’ababyeyi, cyane cyane abajyaga bahangayikishwa n’uko abana babo babona ibyo kurya igihe bari ku ishuri.
Nsengiyumva avuga ko ubu umubyeyi ajya mu kazi afite icyizere cy’uko umwana we ari ku ishuri abonye ifunguro, bityo ntakomeze guhangayikishwa n’uko ashobora kumara amasaha menshi atariye.
Ati: “Ubu umubyeyi ntabwo agihangayika cyane ku byo umwana arya, kuko aba azi ko agaburirwa ari ku ishuri. Bituma na we ajya mu kazi yizeye ko umwana we nta nzara aza kugira.”
Gahunda ifasha no mu mibereho myiza y’abanyeshuri
Uretse kuba gahunda yo kugaburira abanyeshuri ku ishuri igamije gukemura ikibazo cy’inzara, inafasha abana gusabana no kubaka umubano hagati yabo.
Igihe abanyeshuri bahuriye ku ifunguro, babona umwanya wo kuganira, gusabana no kwigira hamwe, bikabafasha kumva ko ishuri atari ahantu ho kwigira gusa, ahubwo ko ari n’ahantu bagomba kugira imibereho myiza.
Iyi gahunda kandi ifasha abana kuguma ku ishuri, aho kuva mu masomo bajya gushaka ibyo kurya hanze yaryo, bityo bakabona umwanya uhagije wo gukurikirana amasomo.
Mu gihe Leta ikomeje gushyira imbaraga mu kuzamura ireme ry’uburezi, gahunda yo kugaburira abanyeshuri ku ishuri ni imwe mu ngamba zigaragaza ko kwita ku buzima n’imibereho myiza y’umwana ari ingenzi mu gutuma agira umusaruro mwiza mu myigire ye.
Icyakora, kugira ngo iyi gahunda ikomeze gutanga umusaruro urambye, birasaba ubufatanye hagati ya Leta, ababyeyi n’ibigo by’amashuri, by’umwihariko mu gutuma abana babona amafunguro ahagije kandi yuzuye intungamubiri.
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