Izina Amazon ni izina rizi hafi ku isi hose bitewe no kumenyekana ku ishyamba ry’Amazon ribamo ibintu bisa n’ibitangaza aribyo, ibimera inyamaswa, ibiti ndetse n’abantu kandi rikaba nta bihe rigira nk’impeshyi, ubushyuhe cyanga itumba ryo rihorana imvura ibihe byose niyo mpamvu baryita ishyamba ry’imvura (rain forest.)
ri shyamba rya Amazon ryo mu bwoko bwa Tropican riboneka muri Amerika yepfo, ariko benshi bazi ko ari iryi gihugu cya Burazil kuko aricyo gihugu gifiteho igice kinini siko bimeze kuko rikora ku bihugu 9 byo mu majyepfo y’Amerika aribyo, Brazil,60%, Peru 13%. Colombiya 10%, naho ibihugu bindi bitandatu bigatwara 17% aribyo, Venezuela,Ecuador, Boliviya, Guyana, Suriname na France Guyiana.
Iri shyamba rifite Km2 5,500,000, Abashakashatsi bemeza ko iryo shyamba ryaba rimaze imyaka miliyoni 55 ribayeho. Iri shyamba rigereranywa ko ryaba rifite ibiti miliyare 400, bigizwe n’amoko y’ibite agera ku bihumbi 160.000, rikaba rikubye inshuro 17 igihugu cy’Ubongereza gifatanye na Ireland.
Muri iri shyamba reka tubabwire bimwe mu bitangaza bihaboneka utapfa kubona ahandi, habamo ubwoko bw’iti by’imbuto zitandukanye zigera ku bihumbi 3000 bibarizwa muri iryo shyamba, ariko igitangaje nuko imbuto zikoreshwa ku isi ni ubwoko 200 gusa ni ukuvuga ko ubundi bwoko bw’imbuto 2800 butarakoreshwa kuko butaboneka ahandi usibye muri Amazon, igishimishije nuko izo mbuto zose usanga ari umwimerere.
Harimo umugezi witirana n’iryo shyamba witwa Amazoni uricamo hagati. Uyu ni umugezi wa kabiri ku isi mu burebure nyuma y’umugezi wa Nile ubarizwa mu mugabane wa Afrika aho ufite inkomoko muri Arika y’iburasirazuba ugasoreza mu nyanja ya Mediterane
Uyu mugezi wa Amazon nawo ugira ibitangaza byao , igihe kimwe amazi abava iburasirazuba yerekeza iburengerazuba ikindi gihe ugasanga araturuka iburengerazuba yerekeza iburasirazuba.
Ishyamba rya Amazon ni ryo ritanga 20% y’umwuka mwiza abantu bakenera ku isi (oxygen) ikaba ariyo mpamvu baryita ibihaha by’isi kuko n’ubushyuhe buboneka mu mwaka wose muri iryo shyamba, bungana 26-30.0
Muri iri shyamba rya Amazon, niho hava 70% y’imiti ikoreshwa mu kuvura abantu mu buryo bugezweho ituruka mu bimera bibarizwa muri iryo shyamba, ijanisha ry’abashakashatsi rigaragaza ko !% y’ibimera nibyo bimaze gukoreshwa mu gukora iyo miti naho 99% ntabwo birakoreshwa.
Iryo shyamba kandi riratuwe, urisangamo amoko y’abantu batandukanye agera kuri 50 babamo guturuka mu binyejana byinshi, ariko baje kumenyekano mu myaka ya vuba.
Muri aba bantu harimo ubwoko bwiberamo butarabonana n’abandi bantu batuye isi kabone n’abi bihugu bihana imbibe n’iryo shyamba. Muri iri shyamba niho usanga inzoka nini ku isi zitwa “Green Anaconda” zigira amabara y’ikyatsi kibisi avanze n’amabara y’umukara.
Harimo kandi ubwoko bw’ibikeri byitwa “poison dork frog” utasanga ahandi.
Ni ibikeri bifite ubumara bwica mu mugongo wabyo ku buryo ujombye ihwa kuri ubwo bumara ukijomba iminota myinshi umara ni 10 gusa nyuma inzogera ikirenga.
Aha kandi muri iri shyamba niho usanga inyamaswa yo mu bwoko bw’ingwe, igasa n’ikirura ariko ikirabura nka kiwi izwi nka “American Jaguar.” Iyi nyamasa akenshi yibera mu mashami y’ibiti birebire hejuru ikamenya koga kandi ikagira n’umuvuduko ukabije.
Ibisiga byo mu bwoko ba Kagoma niho ubisanga. Ibi bisiga babyita “Happy Eagles” ni bisiga binini ugereranije na Kagoma zisanzwe, ba byise batyo kubera ko bigira imico myiza ku buryo bibana n’abantu nk’inkoko.
Ingona z’imikara zitwa “Black Caiman” nazo niho uzisanga, nta handi ku isi wazibona usibye muri Amazon, aha hanakekwa ko na bya bisigazwa bya ya nzoka yabayeho nini ku isi yo mu bwoko bwa TITANOBOA bibitse Colombiya ko nayo yaba yarabaye muri iryo shyamba.
Nubwo ibimera bikenera urumuru rw’izuba ngo byere, ariko muri Amazon ho biratandukanye kuko urumuri ntabwo rugera ku bimera kubera amashami y’ibiti aba yarasakaye hejuru, ariko ibyo ntibibuza ibimera kumera no kwera, aha kandi ngo niyo imvura iguye bitwara hafi iminota 10 ngo ikijojoba kigera hasi.
Ibiribwa byinshi abantu bo ku migabane yose bakoresha,biboneka muri iryo shyamba kandi ibyinshi muri byo ari kimeza, ibyo twavuga nk’ibitoki, urusenda,ikahwa, ibigori,inyanya n’umuceri.
Iri shyamba riramutse ritemwe byasaba imyaka 40 ngo ribe rirangiye. Nkuko bitangazwa n’umuryango mpuzamahanga wita ku bidukikije worldwildlife fund (WWF) bemeza ko 20% by’ amazi meza abatuye isi bakoresha ariho aturuka.
Iri shyamba kandi rigira uruhare runini mu kugabanya ubushyuhe kuko 20% y’umwuka abantu bakenera iryo shyamba aryo riwukora. Muri iri shyamba habarizwamo ibiremwa bisaga miliyoni 3, aha ni ukuvuga inyamasa, ibimera ndetse n’abaturage barikikije bagera kuri miliyoni 1 urugero 60% by’igihugu cya Peru bitwikiriwe n’iryo shyamba.
Nubwo bimeze bityo iryo shyamba naryo rihura n’ibibazo, cyane cyane gutikwa nkuko bitangazwa na leta ya Bulazir,kuva muri 2000 inkongi z’imiriro zigera ku bihumbi 75,000 zatwitse iryo shyamba, ariko iyibukwa cyane n’inkongi yo mu mwaka 2013 yatwitse ikangiza n’igice kinini k’iryo shyamba.
Abantu baba muri iryo shyamba niho gakondo yabo ngo ntibashobora kuba ahandi hose ku isi kabone niyo bahabwa ibya mirenge. Tubibutse ko iri shyamba rikurikirwa mu bunini n’ishyamba rya kongo (RDC).
@Rebero.rw
About The Author
