Uruhare rwa Afurika mu kwimukira ku isi rukomeje kwaguka, bitewe n’ibibazo by’ubukungu, amakimbirane, ubwiyongere bw’abaturage, n’ihungabana ry’ikirere.
Imiterere y’abimukira muri Afurika ishingiye ku bibazo by’ubukungu, ubwiyongere bw’abaturage, n’ibibazo bifitanye isano n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Ibyimukira muri Afurika bikunze guterwa n’ubusumbane bw’imishahara hagati y’ibihugu bya Afurika n’uturere twateye imbere mu bukungu.
Amakimbirane mu turere nka Sudani, Sudani y’Epfo, n’akarere ka Sahel atuma abimukira bahatirwa kubaho nk’uburyo bwo kubaho ku miryango myinshi.
Impinduka mu bidukikije, nk’amapfa n’ubutayu, birushaho kongera ukwimukira mu buryo bubangamira imibereho gakondo.
Nk’uko amakuru aheruka ya Loni Mpuzamahanga ku bimukira yashyizwe ahagaragara n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Bukungu n’Imibereho Myiza (UNDESA) abimukira babarirwa muri za miriyoni ubu baba hanze y’ibihugu byabo bavukiyemo, bigatuma abimukira baba kimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi ku mugabane w’Afurika mu bijyanye n’imibereho myiza n’ubukungu.
Muri rusange, abimukira bava muri Afurika bashingiye ku bibazo by’ubukungu. Ubwiyongere bw’abaturage bukabije bwarenze ihangwa ry’imirimo mu bihugu byinshi, bigatuma abakiri bato babarirwa muri za miriyoni bahura n’ikibazo cy’ubushomeri cyangwa abadafite akazi gahagije.
Ibintu bigize ikibazo cy’abimukira muri Afurika
Icyuho mu mishahara hagati y’ubukungu bwa Afurika n’aho bujya nko mu Burayi, Amerika ya Ruguru, n’ibihugu byo mu Kigobe gikomeje gutuma abimukira baba amahitamo meza, cyane cyane ku bakozi b’abahanga n’abadafite ubumenyi buhagije bashaka amafaranga meza n’imibereho myiza.
Amakimbirane n’umutekano muke biracyari ikindi kintu gikomeye gitera. Intambara zimara igihe kirekire, ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi rya gisirikare, n’inyeshyamba byatumye abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni bahunga amazu yabo n’ibihugu byabo, akenshi bambuka imipaka nk’impunzi aho kwambuka abimukira mu bukungu.
Intambara z’abaturage mu bihugu nka Sudani na Sudani y’Epfo, urugomo rw’aba-jihadiste muri Sahel, n’umutekano muke umaze igihe mu ihembe rya Afurika byahinduye abimukira ingamba zo kubaho ku miryango myinshi.
Imihindagurikire y’ikirere irimo kwiyongera kuri ibi bibazo. Amapfa, ubutayu, imyuzure, no kugabanuka k’umusaruro w’ubuhinzi biri kwangiza imibereho y’icyaro mu bice byinshi bya Afurika
Uko ubukungu bw’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi bugenda bugabanuka, abimukira (baba imbere no hanze y’umugabane) babaye ingamba y’ingenzi yo guhangana n’ibibazo.
Ingaruka z’abimukira ziravanze cyane. Ku ruhande rumwe, amafaranga yoherezwa mu mahanga n’abimukira b’Abanyafurika ubu ni imwe mu masoko akomeye y’imari n’imigabane ku mugabane w’Afurika, akenshi arenga inkunga y’amahanga, ndetse rimwe na rimwe, ahangana n’amafaranga yinjira mu mahanga.
Uyu musaruro ufasha ingo kwishyura ibiryo, uburezi, ubuvuzi, n’amacumbi, kandi ugatanga ubwishingizi bw’imari mu gihe cy’ihungabana ry’ubukungu.
Ku rundi ruhande, abimukira benshi bashobora kongera imbaraga mu mutwe, bagakuraho ibihugu by’abahanga nk’abaganga, injeniyeri, n’abarimu. Ibihugu bijyayo nabyo bihura n’ibibazo bya politiki ku bijyanye n’abimukira, mu gihe ibihugu bikomokamo bigomba guhangana n’abakozi bakuze n’ubushobozi bwo mu gihugu mu nzego zikomeye.
Muri iki kibazo, amakuru y’abimukira ya Loni itanga ishusho isobanutse neza y’aho abimukira bo muri Afurika bakomoka, agaragaza ibihugu bigizweho ingaruka cyane n’ingendo zo hanze y’igihugu.
Misiri, Sudani, Maroc, Sudani y’Epfo, na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo bigaragaza impamvu zitandukanye zitera abimukira muri Afurika, kuva ku gitutu cy’ubukungu kugeza ku makimbirane.
Misiri igaragaramo cyane cyane abimukira mu bukungu, aho abakozi berekeza mu kigobe cy’i Burayi, no muri Amerika ya Ruguru, bohereza amafaranga mu gihugu cyabo.
Sudani na Sudani y’Epfo bihura n’ibibazo byo kwimuka bitewe n’ihungabana rya politiki, intambara y’abenegihugu, n’ibura ry’ibiribwa. Nubwo Maroc ihagaze neza, ihanganye n’ubushomeri bwinshi bw’urubyiruko, bigatuma bimukira i Burayi bashyigikiwe n’amashyirahamwe y’abanyamahanga.
Muri Kongo Kinshasa, umutekano muke n’ubukene bitera abimukira bahoraho, cyane cyane baturutse mu turere tw’iburasirazuba twibasiwe n’amakimbirane.
@Rebero.rw
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