U Rwanda rumaze gutera intambwe mu gucunga imyanda y’ikoranabuhanga (e-waste), aho ibikorwa byo kuyikusanya, kuyitunganya no kuyibyazamo ibindi bikoresho bimaze gufasha mu gukumira ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bigera kuri toni 7,000 za CO₂, mu gihe abantu barenga 1,100 bamaze kubona imirimo ibikomokaho.
Ibi ni bimwe mu byagarutsweho mu nama ya gatandatu ya Renewable Energy for Sustainable Growth (RE4SG) 2026, iri kubera i Kigali, umunsi wa nyuma ukaba ari uwo gusura ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe aho abasuye muri Gashora babonye uburyo ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga birangije igihe cyabyo bigomba gukorwamo ibindi bikoresho
Ibi byagarutsweho mu kiganiro cyagaragaje uruhare rw’imicungire myiza y’imyanda y’ikoranabuhanga mu kurengera ibidukikije no guteza imbere ubukungu, ariko hanagaragazwa ko hakiri imbogamizi zirimo ubumenyi buke bw’abaturage, imikoreshereze mibi y’ibikoresho bishaje ndetse n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ridahagije ry’amategeko.
Kugeza ubu, ibikorwa bijyanye no gukusanya no gutunganya e-waste bimaze gutanga imirimo igera ku 1,127, mu bijyanye no kuyikusanya, kuyitunganya n’ibindi bikorwa bifitanye isano na yo.
Hagati aho, hamaze gushyirwaho ahantu 27 ho kwakirira imyanda y’ikoranabuhanga, hakaba hari gahunda yo kugera kuri 30 bitarenze mu mpera z’uku kwezi.
Aha ho gukusanyiriza imyanda y’ikoranabuhanga hagamijwe korohereza abaturage kujyana ahantu habugenewe ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byabo bishaje, aho kubijugunya mu myanda isanzwe.
Imyanda y’ikoranabuhanga ishobora guteza ibibazo bikomeye
Abaturage baracyafite ubumenyi buke ku ngaruka zishobora guterwa no kujugunya nabi ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, cyane cyane bateri.
Abatanga ubu butumwa basobanuye ko bateri, cyane cyane izikoresha lithium, zishobora gufatwa n’umuriro cyangwa zigaturika igihe zibitswe cyangwa zitwarwa nabi.
Hari kandi bateri zirimo imiti n’ibyuma byangiza ibidukikije, bishobora kwanduza ubutaka n’amazi ndetse bikagera no mu biribwa, bigateza ikibazo ku buzima bwa muntu n’ibidukikije.
Ni yo mpamvu abaturage basabwa kudashyira imyanda y’ikoranabuhanga mu myanda isanzwe, cyangwa ngo bakoreshe ibikoresho bishaje mu buryo bushobora guteza umwanda no kwanduza ubutaka, amazi n’ibiribwa.
Ibigo byigenga na byo birasabwa kugira uruhare
Ikindi kibazo cyagaragajwe ni uburyo ibigo byigenga, birimo amabanki n’ibindi bigo, bimwe mu bihe bisimbuza mudasobwa, telefoni n’ibindi bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga nyuma y’imyaka runaka.
Iyo ibyo bikoresho bishaje bidacunzwe neza, bishobora guteza ibibazo bibiri bikomeye: kwangiza ibidukikije no gushyira mu kaga amakuru y’ibanga yabaga abitswe muri ibyo bikoresho.
Mudasobwa cyangwa telefoni ishaje ishobora kuba ikirimo amagambo-banga, amakuru y’imari, inyandiko n’andi makuru y’ibanga.
Abashinzwe imicungire ya e-waste basanga rero gusenya burundu amakuru ari mu bikoresho bishaje bigomba kujyana no kubicunga nk’imyanda y’ikoranabuhanga, kugira ngo amakuru y’ibanga atajya mu maboko y’abatabifitiye uburenganzira.
Hanagaragajwe ko hari ibigo bishobora kugerageza guteza cyamunara ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bishaje, nubwo hari amabwiriza agenga uburyo ibyo bikoresho bigomba gucungwa.
U Rwanda rugiye gukomeza kunoza gahunda ya EPR
Ikindi cyagarutsweho ni gahunda ya Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), isaba abakora cyangwa abatumiza mu gihugu ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga kugira uruhare mu micungire yabyo kuva bikiri bishya kugeza bibaye imyanda.
Muri iyi gahunda, umusaruro cyangwa ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bishobora kujyanwa n’amafaranga yishyurwa igihe bitumijwe cyangwa bigurishijwe, kugira ngo igihe bizaba bishaje habeho uburyo bwo kubikusanya, kubisubiza mu bikorwa byo gutunganya no kugaruza ibikoresho by’agaciro bibirimo.
Abatanga ubu butumwa bavuze ko u Rwanda ruri gukora ku buryo iyi gahunda yarushaho gukomera, binyuze mu kuvugurura no kunoza amabwiriza agenga imicungire y’imyanda y’ikoranabuhanga.
Amategeko arahari ariko ishyirwa mu bikorwa riracyari ikibazo
Nubwo u Rwanda rufite amabwiriza agenga imyanda y’ikoranabuhanga, haracyagaragara ikibazo cy’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo.
Urugero rwatanzwe ni urw’ibikoresho bishaje by’ikoranabuhanga bimwe mu bigo bishobora kugerageza guteza cyamunara cyangwa kubicuruza mu buryo butemewe.
Abashinzwe iyi gahunda basanga hakenewe ubukangurambaga burushijeho gukomera ndetse no gukaza igenzura, kugira ngo imyanda y’ikoranabuhanga ijye igezwa ku bigo byemewe kuyitunganya, aho kujya mu nzira zitemewe cyangwa zishobora guteza ingaruka.
Imashini zigezweho zifasha kugaruza ibikoresho by’agaciro
Mu rwego rwo kugabanya imyanda ijya kujugunywa, ibigo bitunganya e-waste bikoresha imashini zabugenewe zitandukanya ibikoresho bitandukanye biboneka mu myanda y’ikoranabuhanga.
Muri ibyo harimo umuringa, pulasitiki na PVC biboneka mu nsinga z’amashanyarazi n’ibindi bikoresho.
Umuringa ushobora kugaruzwa ugasubizwa mu bukungu, mu gihe pulasitiki na yo ishobora gutunganywa ikabyazwamo ibindi bikoresho.
Ibi bifasha kugabanya ingano y’imyanda ijya ahajugunywa imyanda, ariko kandi bigatuma ibikoresho by’agaciro bishobora kongera gukoreshwa aho gutakara.
Harasabwa uruhare rwa buri wese
U Rwanda rufite intego yo guteza imbere ubukungu burengera ibidukikije, ariko imicungire y’imyanda y’ikoranabuhanga ikomeje gusaba uruhare rw’inzego za Leta, abikorera n’abaturage.
Abaturage basabwa kujyana ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bishaje ahabugenewe, mu gihe ibigo byigenga bisabwa kubahiriza amabwiriza no kurinda amakuru y’ibanga aba ari mu bikoresho bishaje.
Ku ruhande rwa Leta, hakenewe gukomeza gukaza igenzura no kunoza amategeko, by’umwihariko mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda ya EPR.
Imicungire myiza ya e-waste ntireba gusa kurengera ibidukikije, ahubwo ishobora no kuba isoko y’imirimo n’ubukungu, binyuze mu kugaruza ibikoresho by’agaciro no kubyongera gukoreshwa.
Kugeza ubu, kuba ibikorwa bimaze gukumira toni zigera ku 7,000 za CO₂ no gutanga imirimo igera ku 1,127 bigaragaza ko imyanda y’ikoranabuhanga, iyo icunzwe neza, ishobora kuva ku kuba ikibazo cy’ibidukikije ikaba n’umutungo ufasha mu iterambere ry’igihugu.
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