Indwara zitandura  (NCDs), Inkomoko yazo n’ingaruka zifite k’Umuryango

Mu Rwanda indwara zitandura (NCDs), zizwi kandi ku izina ry’indwara zidakira, ni indwara zitandura, aho zidakwirakwizwa n’abantu hagati yabo. Izi ndwara akenshi ziramara igihe kirekire kandi zigasaba ubuvuzi buhoraho. Muri izi ndwara zidakira twavuga harimo indwara z’umutima, diyabete, kanseri, indwara z’ibihaha, ndetse n’indwara z’imitekerereze. Mu myaka ya vuba, u Rwanda nk’ibindi bihugu byinshi byo ku isi, rwahuye n’ubwiyongere bukabije bw’indwara zitandura, zikaba zigira ingaruka nyinshi ku muryango ndetse n’ubukungu.

Muri uyu mwaka guhera tariki ya 13-15 mu Rwanda hazabera inama mpuzamahanga ku ndwara zitandura (4^th Global Forum NCDs) izaba ibereye ku mugabane wa Afurika munsi y’ubutayu, kuko yari ikunze kubera muri Aziya ndetse no ku mugabane y’Amerika, abanyarwanda bakaba bayitezeho byinshi bijyanye no kwerekana aho bageze bahangana nizo ndwara zitandura

Iyi nkuru igamije gusobanura neza inkomoko y’indwara zitandura zibasiye abanyarwanda, impinduka zazo ku miryango mu buryo bw’ubukungu n’imibanire, no gutanga inama ku buryo bwo gukemura ikibazo cy’izi ndwara, ndetse no kugira ngo dusobanukirwe neza ibibazo ziteza ku muryango nyarwanda ndetse tunatange inama zafasha mu kuzikumira no guhangana nazo.

Indwara zitandura zishobora kugera ku bantu bose mu Rwanda, nubwo hari abagira ibyago byinshi byo kwibasirwa nazo cyane cyane abageze mu zabukuru bafite imyaka 60 y’amavuko cyangwa barengeje iyo myaka bo bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwibasirwa n’izo ndwara zitandura. Nk’indwara z’umutima, diyabete, n’umuvuduko w’amaraso, zishobora kwiyongera mu myaka y’ubukure. Ariko kandi, hari ubwiyongere bw’indwara zitandura mu bantu bakiri bato, cyane cyane abari hagati y’imyaka 30 na 40, bitewe n’imirire mibi, kutagira imyitozo ngorora mubiri, ndetse no kunywa itabi n’inzoga nyinshi.

Indwara zitandura zirimo:

• Indwara z’umutima (umuvuduko w’amaraso, Amaraso agenda gakeya)
• Diyabete (by’umwihariko diyabete ya kabiri)
• Indwara z’ibihaha (asthma, indwara yo guhumeka itoroshye)
• Kanseri (kanseri y’ibihaha, ya rugongo, iya prostate, n’izindi)
• Indwara z’imitekerereze (agahinda gakabije, impagarara, n’ibindi)

Inkomoko y’indwara zitandura ni nyinshi, harimo imiterere ya kamere y’umubiri, ibidukikije, ndetse n’imyitwarire ya muntu. Mu Rwanda , kwimukira mu mijyi no gukoresha indyo ivanzemo ibiribwa birimo isukari nyinshi, umunyu, n’ibiribwa byiganjemo amavuta bitera izo ndwara. Ikindi kandi, kunywa itabi no kunywa inzoga, hamwe no kutamenya uburyo bwo kwirinda no kuvura izi ndwara, nabyo byateje ibibazo.

Indwara zitandura zibasira imiryango yose mu Rwanda, ariko ahantu haboneka ibibazo byinshi ni mu byaro. Aho, serivisi z’ubuvuzi usanga zitagera ku buryo bworoshye, bikagira ingaruka ku muryango, kuko usanga hakenerwa ubuvuzi bwihuse. Mu bice by’umujyi, nubwo serivisi z’ubuvuzi ziboneka, ariko ubuzima bwihuta n’ingaruka z’ubuzima bw’umujyi bitera izindi ndwara, cyane cyane iz’imitekerereze n’indwara z’umutima.

Mu bihe byashize, indwara ziterwa n’udukoko (indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina cyangwa ibindi byandura) zari izi ndwara z’ingenzi mu Rwanda, cyane cyane nyuma ya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, ubwo hakomeje kwibasira indwara nka SIDA na tuberculose. Ariko, mu myaka 20 ishize, hagaragara impinduka mu ndwara nyinshi zibasira igihugu, aho indwara zitandura zagiye zigaragara ku bwinshi.

Nk’uko bivugwa n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ushinzwe ubuzima (WHO), indwara zitandura zisiga abantu benshi mu Rwanda, aho zigera hafi 40% by’urupfu rwose rw’abantu. Indwara z’umutima ziracyari izo ku isonga mu gukurura urupfu mu bantu bakuru, ibyo bigatera impungenge.

Ubwiyongere bw’indwara zitandura ni ikibazo gikomeye mu rwego rw’ubuzima mu Rwanda. Ubuzima bw’abantu bukomeje kuzamo impinduka, bikagira ingaruka ku miryango, ku nzego z’ubuvuzi, ndetse no kubukungu bw’igihugu.

Ingaruka mu mibereho: Imiryango irababazwa cyane cyane igihe ifite umuntu w’umuryango urwaye indwara idakira. Abantu batanga ubwitange ngo bafashe abantu bafite izo ndwara, byongera igihunga (stress) ku mibereho yabo. Ibi kandi bigira ingaruka z’ubwiyunge bw’imiryango ndetse n’umwuka wo mu muryango.

Ingaruka ku bukungu: Ingaruka z’ubukungu ku miryango n’igihugu ni nini cyane. Nk’uko bigaragazwa n’ibipimo bya WHO, indwara zitandura zitera igihombo cya 1.4% cy’umusaruro mbumbe w’igihugu (GDP) mu Rwanda. Ibi bihombo bituruka ku mpamvu y’ubuvuzi (gukoresha imiti, ingendo zo kwa muganga), ndetse no ku bihombo by’umusaruro bitewe n’abasaza cyangwa abafite ibibazo by’ubuzima.

Kwirinda no gukora ubukangurambaga

• Ni iki gikorwa kigomba gukorwa? Gukora ubukangurambaga bw’ubuzima bugamije kwigisha abantu kwirinda imyitwarire idatera indwara, nko kutarya indyo mbi, kutagira imyitozo ngorora mubiri, no kunywa itabi.
• Ni nde ugomba ku bigiramo uruhare? Guverinoma, imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta, abashinzwe ubuzima ku rwego rw’akarere, n’amashuri.
• Ryari? Iyi gahunda igomba gutangira ako kanya, kandi igakomeza mu gihe kirekire.
• Kuki by’ingenzi? Kwirinda indwara bizagabanya umutwaro ku nzego z’ubuzima, ndetse no kuzamura ubuzima bwiza bw’abantu n’imiryango.

Guteza imbere Serivisi z’Ubuvuzi

• Ni igikorwa kigomba gukorwa? Gukomeza gushyiraho serivisi z’ubuvuzi, cyane cyane mu bice by’icyaro, kugira ngo abantu barwayi bazahabwe ubuvuzi bwihuse.
• Ni nde ugomba kubigiramo uruhare? Minisiteri y’ Ubuzima, abayobozi b’uturere, n’abafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga.
• Ryari? Iyi gahunda igomba gushyirwa mu bikorwa vuba, ariko igakomeza mu gihe kirekire.
• Kuki by’ingenzi? Kugera ku baturage benshi ni ingenzi kugira ngo umuntu w’umuryango arwaye NCD abashe gufashwa hakiri kare.

Gushyigikira Ubuzima Buzima

• Ni igikorwa kigomba gukorwa? Gushyigikira imyitwarire myiza mu mirire, gukora imyitozo ngorora mubiri, no kurwanya kunywa itabi n’inzoga binyuranyije n’amategeko.
• Ni nde ugomba kubigiramo uruhare? Minisiteri y’ Ubuzima, amashuri, ibigo by’imirimo, ndetse n’ibitangazamakuru.
• Ryari? Ibi bikorwa bigomba gutangira bitarenze igihe gito.
• Kuki ari iby’ingenzi ? Imyitwarire myiza irinda indwara zidahura cyangwa igatuma zikira vuba.

Gutanga inkunga y’umutungo ku Muryango

• Ni ikihe gikorwa kigomba gukorwa? Gushyiraho gahunda z’imyiteguro zishingiye ku bufasha bw’umuryango no gutanga uburyo bwo kugura ubwishingizi bw’indwara zidahura.
• Ni nde ugomba kubigiramo uruhare? Guverinoma, ibigo by’imari, n’ibigo by’ubuvuzi.
• Ryari? Izi gahunda zigomba gushyirwaho ako kanya.
• Kuki ari ingenzi? Inkunga mu bukungu izafasha imiryango kutagwa mu bukene no kubona ubuvuzi bw’ingenzi.

Ubushakashatsi no gukurikirana ibipimo by’Indwara

• Ni igikorwa kigomba gukorwa? Gukora ubushakashatsi no gukusanya amakuru ku ndwara zidahura kugira ngo hafatwe ibyemezo byiza.
• Ni nde ugomba kubigiramo uruhare? Ibigo by’ubushakashatsi, Minisiteri y’Ubuzima, n’abafatanyabikorwa.
• Ryari? Ubushakashatsi bugomba gukorwa vuba kandi bigakomeza.
• Kuki ari iby’ingenzi? Amakuru afatika ni ingenzi mu gufata ibyemezo byiza byo gukemura ikibazo.

Indwara zitandura ni ikibazo gikomeye mu Rwanda, ku muryango no ku bukungu. Ingaruka z’izindwara zigaragara cyane mu miryango, kandi bigira ingaruka ku buzima bw’abantu. Gusa, gukomeza gushyira imbaraga mu kwirinda no guteza imbere serivisi z’ubuvuzi, hamwe no ku bungabunga imirire myiza, bizafasha kugabanya ingaruka z’izindwara. Gushyiraho politiki zinyuranye no kugira ubufatanye hagati ya Leta, imiryango, ndetse n’abafatanyabikorwa, bizatuma igihugu kigera ku rwego rwo kugabanya ikibazo cy’indwara zidahura.

@Malliavin

About The Author